Printing telegraphy



Feb. 24, 1925. 1,521,259

P. LlNDE-r PRINTING TELEGRAPHY Filed Nov. 21, 1922 3 sheets-sheet 1 1l a @E12 1p `a as 13, F 1g WW; 2 2 l 32 13 1 49\ @www/MD 2 2o B 3l Hn|n| Feb. 24, 1925. l 1,522.7259 P. LINDET PRINTING TELEGRAPHY Filed Nov. 21, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet. 2

Feb. 24, 1.925. 1,527259 P. LINDET I PRINTING TELEGRAPHY Filed Nov, 21, 1922 '3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feu. at, reas..

'llllltilvl 'PIER-Rn Linens, or Panis, runnen.

rninfrrne TELEGRAPHY.

Application led November 21, 1922. Serial No'. 602,430.`

To all whom t may concern:

lle it known that l, Plauen Linnirr, oi 108 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris, France, engineer, have invented Printing rtelegraphy, of which the following is a full, clear, and Xact description.

This invention relates to an electrical transmitting and receiving apparatus particularly applicable to telegraphy through Wires and Wireless telegraphy and so coinbined as to require no permanent synchronism-betwe'en the emitting station and the receiving station or stations. e

ln the known telegraphic apparatus utilizing the code with ive moments (Baudet code), the. distribution' ot the line currents, to the emitting station and to the receiving station, is ensured by the use ot distributing brushes rotating in synchronisin.

ln other apparatus, this distribution is ensured, by the use ot currents oft opposed polarity; in this case the emitting` apparatus is so arranged that it sends out, each time a liey is acted upon, .tive currents successively in the line Whatever may be the' lrey depressed. The combinations characterizing the various signals are differentiated troni each other in this case by the sequence oi apparition ot the polarities; at the receiving station the live electro-magnets or' the translating device are respectively energized independently troni each other by the tivel emissions ot line current. These live electro-magnets are usually employed tor directing, towards the electro-magnet controlling` the striking ot the transmitted letter, the local current through the medium of contacts connected in series by the armature-s et these five electro-magnets.

The invention essentially consists in a distributing system no longer requiring any permanent svnchronism betvveen the emitting station and the receiving station and permitting the use ot the Baudot code with currents ot single polarity, the combinations ot currents, which characterize the letters or signs, being differentiated trom each other by the moments of apparition oi" the currents which constitute Vthem;4

This distributing system determines, upon' ceiver, it collects the line currents at the mo-ments correspond-ing to those when they have been sent out. rllhe system is operated by a iii-st current sent out. tn'ough the line Which simultaneously operates at the transmitting station and at the receiving station or stations a sensitive relay which causes the operation ot distributing relays in a number equal to that ot the moments, these' rela-ys being arranged in cascade, that is to say in such a manner that each relay is operated by the closure of the preceding relay;

The synchronous operation 05E the tinto groups of relays (emittingi grou?Y and rf c P Y ceiving group) 1s ensured otvnrg. to' the' iden@ tical construction ot the two stations); the constant ot time ot' operation ot all the relays is ensured by the use ot armatures having the same mass, saine air-gap and iden tically Wound, ated under equal tensionsV ai the tivo stations.

It is moreover to be noted that, contrarily to devices with permanent synchronism,` the errors are no-t added; since the emission of each letter transmitted and its reception are governed by acommon origina' The invention is moreover characterized by the combination ot this distributing system with: y

lst. A keyboard similar to that ott Writing-machine or typewriter and in which the striking` oi" each ley has tor its etl'ect:

(a.) to establish a coinbination ot contacts interposed upon dili'erent shunts, and to thus establish a special combination ot shunts for every letter, cipher or sign (o) to then produce the sending` out of a line current, every ontot the combinations representing the letters, ciphers o'r' signs being thus characterizel, asin the code With live moments or periods for example', by a certain number ot closures of current and' by the moments when these closures taltes place. y

2nd. A selecting-translating system coniprising contact-making relays or contactors` branched upon distinct shunts corresponding to the receiving moments, and the closure or keeping in the open position ot which centrols the local circuit ot the printing electromagnets; the combinations ol current closures, different 'for cach letter, cipher or sign, operating the corresponding contactmaking relay or relays, and theposition ot' the latter closing the local circuit-,by' successive selections, upon the electro-magnet printing the letter or sign corresponding to the key of the transmitting keyboard which has been struck or lowered. Y

In virtue of its special combination, the present system of apparatus operatesfwithout any synchronisin being maintained ben tween the transmitting station and the receiving station or stations, whence following advantages lst. Suppression of the motors and regulators maintaining the synchronisin.

2nd. Possibility of transinittingl to one or several stations branched upon the-line without that the latter be obliged to start their moto-r and to put themselves into synchronism, and without the necessity to resort to any preparatory operatioi' 3rd. Saving ofcurrent of motors and reduction of wear of mechanisms which come into action only during the time a letter or sign is struck. 1

4th. .Greater safety of operation, every letter: or sign having its own characteristic which is independent of the synclironism of the'two stations.

y 5th. Suppression of the adjustment as required by the synchronous apparatus for correcting the displacements which occur when the signals appear and which are due to the self-induction and the capacity of the line, this kadvantage among others allowing transmitting 'without any previous :adjustment at two stations situated the one at a few meters from the sending out apparatus, and the other at several hundred kilometers from the latter.

6th. Possibility of checking at the transmitting station the message sent and to keep a copy of the textsent out.

T th. Possibility of. transmitting without being bound to observe a certain rate.

A mode of execution of the present system ot transmitting and receiving apparatus will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure l is a. vertical section of the transmitting keyboard, made according to line A A of Figure 3.

Fig. 2 is a plan view.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section made according to line B B of Fig. l.

' Fig. 4L is a diagrammatic view showing the whole of the distributing system at the Ii'ansmitting station and at the receiving station,

VFigs. 5 and 6 show two modified forms.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing,` thc whole of the selecting-translating` system.

As shewn in these drawings, the present apparatus comprises a sending out or transmitting keyboard similar to that of a typewriter or writing-inachine and comprising for instance 32 keys each corresponding to a letter, cipher or sign. The lever l of each key, movable about an axis 2, extends bcyond this axis and carries at its end a combination of hollow and projecting parts 8, 4, 5, 6, 7 the several levers of the keyboard carry different combinations each correspending with a letter or a sign; for instance there will be five elements for every combination, as in the case of the code with five moments.

Opposite these five, hollow or projecting,

elements or parts of the combinations carried by each lever, are arranged five crossbais 8, 9, l0, 1l, l2, carried at each of their ends from double cranked arms 13, 14, l5, 16,17, movable about the axis 2 of the keylevers l. The lower branches of these arms carry contact cross-hanfy i8, l), 2 2l, 22 which, in the position of rest, bear upon fixed coiitact-pieces 23, 24, 2t, 2G, 27; the latter are constituted, for instance, by small metallic cylindrical bodies, slotted upon a part of their height, and into which the contactbars can enter.

The device comprises furthermore a cross bar 28 supported as tht preceding ones at both ends by two double-cranked arms 2S) movable about the axis 2 and upon the lower branches of which is mounted a cross-bar 30 carrying aY contact-piece 3l which bears, when this bar is lifted, against a fixed contactr32. Every lever l is terminated by a hollow p-art 33, so as to act upon the har and to thus cause the lifting of the bar only when the key is fully lowered.

The movable contacts operated by the levers of the keyboard are, in normal time, constantly urged to bear against the lifted contactpieces through the action of returning springs.

The five contacts, made by the five contact bars, 8 to 12, and the live fixed contactpieces, 23 to 27, are respectively branched. upon five distinct dist ributing shunts which will be hereinafter described; the contactpiece 3l and the liXed contact 32 arc branched upon the line circuit, as will hereinafter be described.

By means of this device, the striking of a key has for its effect first to prepare, by a combination of contacts, and finally to close, by causing the contact Si to bear upon the fixed contact-piece the line-circuit; the current of the battery-line is thus closed at one or several of the live moments or periods determined by the combination of hollow and projecting parts carried by the key. To every letter or sign corresponds a dif ferent combination of current sendings; the several combinations of hollow and project ing parts corresponding to 32 letters or si gris are established, for instance, according to the code indicated in the following table in which every one of the five moments of each combination is indicated by the sign -lin case a current issent out through the l5 ND eLl loo

lili) leemte' line, and by the sign in case there Ais no current on 'the line.

that the type-carrying bar operated by the currents corresponding to these two combinations does not strike any type, but .produces the shitting` ot the carriage carrying the paper through the medium oi the whole ot the suitable apparatus, in order to present the place at which the. printing is to talre place, under one or the other ot the types carried by the type-bars.

The two distributing devices at the sending station and at the receiving station (Fi 4) are both constituted by tive relays 34 to 3S. 34 to 3S, formed of armatures which are capable ot being attracted by the correspendingv electro-magnets 39 to 45:3 and 39 to 43a; these arnratures are each provided with two distinct contacts `the purpose ot which is to close two distinct circuits, the upper contacts of'said armatures controlling the line `current and the lower ones controlling the local currents.

The relays 34 to 38 of thesendingl stat-ion are set in operation by the action ot a relay 44. rl`his relay closes the circuit ot the local battery '45 on the electro-magnet 39 causingl the operation ot the armature 34 whichq through its lower contact, shunts the local current unto the electro-magnet 40 which draws or attracts the armature the latter, on its turn, creates a new `shunt in the 'lollowing' electro-magnet and so on until the live electro-magnets are engaged.

The setting` in action ot the relays 34n to 38 oit the receivingl station is eiiected in absolutely the same manner under the action ot the relay 44.

The origin of the cascade release of the [tire relays 34 to 38 at the sending; station is determined by the closing ot the contact 3l., 32 (Figs. l and 4) which closes the current ot the battery 4S upon the electro-magnet ot the relay 44. At the recci\'f'ingl station. the origin or start ot release lof the lire relays 34a to 38a yis deterniined bythe action upon the jrelay 44a ot the current sent through thefline Vwire 47.

The two distributors (at the sending and receiving stations) come therefore simultais identical for both ot them, they synchronously pertorin the saine operations.

At the sending station7 the upper contacts ot the relays are connected with the line through the medium oit switches or interrupters constituted by the tixed contactpieces 23 to 27 and the movable contactpieces 1S to 22 operated by the operatingv key-board, as above described and shewn in Figure l.

The line current first passes through the armature at rest ot the relay (initial current which operates at the two stations the relay 44 and the relay 44H) then, through the armature ot' the relay 35 and the contacts 23, 18 which allow to send or not a moment current l, then through the armature 36 and the contacts 24, 19 (moment current Q or not) etc. so that the line is passed through by from one to tive currents sent out at moments which are determined with reference to the origin according to the key which has been striken.

These currents are received at the receiving station in the electro-magnets 48 to which are controlled by the operation oit the armatures ot the distributing relays 34a to 38a ot this station; the latter operate in synchronism with the distributing` relays 34 to 38 ot the sending stationA` as above specilied, and the live electro-magnets 48 to 52 receive respectively the moment currents l to 5.

The distributor at the sending station reassum-es the position of rest as soon as the linger of the operator leaves the key ot the hey-board, the armature of the rela?,I 44 being returned by a spring; the distributor at the receiving station is returned to the position ot rest by the action o'tl an electromagnet 53 which is excited by `a local current controlled by the striking ot the letter.

It is to be observed that the displacements due to the selt-ii'iduction or to the capacity ot the line have no influence upon the synchronism ot' the two stations, as the origin or start ot the release. being the sending' oi a current similar to the working currents, is submitted to the same displacen'ients as the latter.

This distribution of the tive moments during' each ot which a current is passing' or not through the lin-e, is eilected in the above described device by electric relays, but it could also be effected by mechanical relays` each of which comprises an armature which is kept cocked or armed by a lock or tumbler the electrical release ot the tirst armature relievingr at the end ot the stroke. thel lock ot the second one, and so on.

Figure 5 shows, by way ot example, an arrangement ot this distributing device with mechanical relays.

lOO

As shevvn in this drawing, the armature of the relay 44, at the moment Where the latte-r is excited, meets at the end of the stroke, an angle-iron 54 the opposite branch ot which retains by means ot this lock the tirst distributing relay 34; this part 54 then releases the latter which operates under the action oi its pulling spring; at the end oi the stroke, the armature ot this relay meets the angle-iron which retains the following relay 35 and releases it, and so on. These successive operations ot the relays have for effect to send the current through the line in passing successively into the live switches or interrupters, as previously stated with reference to the distributor With electrical relays. The recocliing of the live relays 34, 35 is operated by a mechanical drive, `tor instance, a rod 57 provided with lingers 58 adapted to act upon the live relays, this rod being set in motion by an electro-magnet 59, excited by a local current controlled by the striking ot the letter, 'tor example.

The recocling et the five relays 34,35 could also be ell'ected by tive electro-magnets (SO, Gl acting respectively upon these (i ve armatures against the action ot' the pulling spring as shewu in Figure 6.

The present system moreover comprises a selecting-translating device, the purpose of which is to control the printing' ot the letter' or sign the current combinations ot which has been received in the electro-inagnets 48 to 52.

This s-electing device, schematically repe resented by Way of example in Figure. 7, is essentially constituted as follows:

According as to Whether' the electro-magnet 48 (moment electro-magnet l) oi the distributor at the receiving station is excited or not its armature 62 sends the local current coming from the battery 45a and brought through the Wire 63 to the armature (i4 or 65 of the double relay 49 (moment electro-magnet 2) each one of these armatures 6st, G5 according as to Whether it is attracted or not leads the current to one or to the other of the armatures (56, 67, on the one hand, and G8, 69, on the other hand; these armatures forming part oi the quadruple relay 50 (moment electro-magnet 3).

The moment. currents 4 a-nd 5 act4 respectively upon the relays 5l and 52, the armature of the relay 5l being connected with the other pole ot the battery 45a, through the Wire 7l; When all the distributing relays have been engaged, the relay 5l, which comprises an armature 70, and the relay which comprises two armatures 72, Tl, select in each or" the groups of four electro-magnets 7 4, the iirst, the second, third or fourth electro-magnet. In these conditions, these two relays 51, 52, operate, in the group ot tour electro-magnets selected by the three first relays 48, 49 and 50, the selection of one single striking electro-magnet.

This control by the two ends of the electro-magnets 7 4 allows to reduce the number of armatures which would necessarily be much greater in case the selection would be made by successive divisions into two at one of the ends only of the striking electro-mag nets; in fact, in this case, the number of armatures would be of one for the tirst relay; two, for the second one; vfour, for the third; eight, for the fourth; and sixteen, for the lifth. y

Tt is to be observed that the tive above described contact-making relays do not control the flow of current in the striking circuit, but serve only to prepare these circuits through Which the current passes at the end of the operation of the distributing relays which make the combination, that is to say when the relay 38at has closed the local circuit of the battery 45a on the Wire il; it is therefore necessary that the armatures of the contact-making relays, after having been excited, keep their positions until the combination is ended.

This result can be obtained by means of the 'following device:

Each contact-making relay comprises two coils arranged the one above the other on u common core, a Working coil 48 to 52 above described and a polarization coil 'T5 to 79 (Fig. 4). A very Weak current passes through these live polarization coils; this current is supplied to these coils by a shunt from the battery 45u; this battery supplies the live coils to 79 with the necessary current, from the moment of the operation of the relay 44"L (initial current) till the end oi the combination.

The attraction of these coils, iiisutticieiit to cause the release of the contact-maker or contacter, is sufficient to keep it engaged, When this contact-maker has Worked under the action of the Working coil, in virtue ot the reduction of the air-gap due to the dis placement of the armature.

This prior polarization of the core of the contact-making relays has further the advantage of allowing a quicker and safer operation under the action ot the very short currents received by the `Working electromagnets.

The transmitting and receiving system which has just been described can also be used in connection with Wireless telegraphy.

The devices for carrying out the invention which have just been described are only given by Way of example and can be modiilied; thus, for instance, the combinations vof hollonr and projecting parts, instead of being carried by the key-board levers, could be provided on the cross-hars 8 to l2, in such manner that the live bars will show `opposite each lever the combination of hollow fil i and projecting parts characterizing the latter or sign which is to be transmitted by the lowering or striking down ot this lever.

I. `A printing telegraphic apparatus, particularly adapted to be used with telegraphy through wires and wireless telegraphy, permitting to send, by means olfV an operating keyboard, and to receive ditiicrcnt combinations ot line current emissions corresponding to ditl'erent letters and signs, each ccmbinat-ion being' formed by a deterniined number of line current emissions produced at predetermined moments as in the tive moment Baudet code, the said apparatus being characterized by the combination ot the tollowing element-s: at the sending station, a device distributing the line currents successively emitted comprising: distributing relays the number otl which is equal to the total number of the moments ot the code, arranged in steps and connected together so that the successive actuation of each of them is effected by the operation ot' the preceding one, a line relay set in action upon depression of each of the keys ot the operating key-board and producing the release` ot' the first distributing relay, shunts branched on the line and corresponding to the various distributing relays so that these shuts can be successively put into the line circuit at the time their respective distributing relays are set in action and that the current is cut ott in a shunt as soon as the following one is put into the line circuit, interrupters interposed in these shunts, the said interruptcrs being actuated by the operating keyboard and permitting to etlect the combinations of the multiple moment code, and at the receiving station, a device distributing the line currents successively received, comprising: distributing relays, a line relay and shunts presenting the same arrangement as at the sending station, utilizing electromagnets interposed in the shunts so that the lsuccessive actuation of the selecting relays of this receiving station causes the closing of the line successively in the shunts and determines the successive setting in action oi the utilizing electro-magnets.

2. In ay printing telegraphic apparatus as claimed in claim l, an operating key-board comprising: levers each carrying a key and respectively corresponding to the letters and signs to be transniitted, interrupters respectively interposed in the circuits of the distributing relays, bars respectively carrying the movable contacts of these interrupters, the said bars being transversely arranged relatively to the levers of the key-board, combinations of projecting or hollow parts carried by each lever and different for each letter or sign, the said combinations carried by each lever coming opposite said bars so that each lever oit the key-board, when it is lowered draws along one or more of the said bars according to the combination of projecting or hollow parts it carries and thus 'forms by the ysetting in action ot one or more ot the interrupters interposed in the circuits ot the distributing relays ot' the sending station, a ditl'crentcombination ot contacts vtoi' each letter or sign, a line interrupter interposed in the line circuit, a cross bar carrying the movable contact ot' the said interrupter and so arranged as to be actuated by the levers ot the keyboard a'tter the action oi' these levers on the bars carrying the movable contacts ot the interrupters interposed in the circuits ot the distributing relays, the whole being combined in such a manner that these bars actuated during the first part ol the lowering of al lever of the keyboard, have tor effect to prepare the combination olf the shunts passing through the distributing reA lays which corresponds to the letter cr sign of the lowered lever and that the above mentioned bar actuated during the last part ot' the lowering ot the lever, has for ettect to throw the line current, which latter is successively distributed in these various shunts under the action o't the distributing relays.

8. In a transmitting and receiving apparatus as under claim l, a. translating selecting apparatus of the successive current sendings received at the receiving station comprising contact-n'iakingrelays mounted on the shunts controlled by the distributing relays of the receiving-station,--striking electro-magnets branched upon a local circuit,-and means for etl'ecting, under the control ot the contact-n'iaking relays, by successive selections, the closing ot the local circuit on the electro-magnet jtor striking' the letter or sign corresponding to the stricken key.

4. In a. transmitting and receiving apparatus as under claim l, a translating-sclecting device adapted to allow successive sendings of currents for exciting the striking electro-magnet corresponding` to the stricken key, this device including :-a local battery, a irst contact-making relay with a single armature,-a. connection between the latter and one of the poles ot the local batterytwo distinct shunts into one or the other of which the current supplied trom the local battery is sent or not according as to whether the said armature is attracted or not,-a second contact-making relay with two armatures to which end the two preceding shunts,--two other shunts corresponding to each one ot these armatures and to the one or the other ot which the current sent according as to whether these armatures are attracted or not,-a `third contactmaking rela-y with tour armatures to which lead respectively the tour shunts controlled by the two armatures et the preceding coutact-making relay,-two shunts corresponding to each one of these tour armatures and to the one or the other ot which the current is sent according as to whether these armatures are attracted or Anot-and so on until the final number of shunts obtained is equal to the number of strikingelectro-magixets,- connections for respectively connecting these shunts with one of the ends of the striking` electro-magnets,-connections between the other end of the latter and the other pole ot the local battery.

5. In a transmitting and receiving' apparatus as yunder claim l, a translating-sclecting apparatus so arranged as to allow the use of the successive current sendings for exciting the striking electro-magnet corresponding to the Striken or lowered key, this device comprisingt-striking electromagnets-tWo controlling devices so adapted as to operate respectively at the tWo ends of the coils of these electro-magnets, the one of these devices comprising selecting devices as under claim 5, connections for connecting respectively the shunts thus obtained with groups of striking electro-magnets, the other controlling device comprising i also selecting devices as under claim 5,connections to connect the shunts thus obtained with the striking electro-magnets oi each group,-a local batter)T ot connections to connect the two poles of said battery respectively, With the two controlling' devices.

rhe foregoing specication of my elertrical transmitting' and receiving' apparatus7 particularlyv adapted to be used in connection With telegrapliy through wires and Wireless telegraplrvf7 signed by me this 10th day ot November7 1922.

PIERRE LINDET. 

